1️⃣ Introduction to Plant Morphology
Plant morphology is the study of the external structure of plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It helps in understanding plant adaptations, classification, and physiological functions.
Why is Plant Morphology Important for NEET?
- NEET Biology includes 10-15% of questions from this topic.
- Helps in identifying plant species during practical applications.
- Crucial for agriculture, botany, and medical sciences.
2️⃣ Root System in Plants
The root system is the underground part of a plant that provides support and absorbs water and nutrients.
Types of Roots
🔹 Taproot System – One main root grows downward with lateral branches (e.g., Mango, Pea).
🔹 Fibrous Root System – Many thin roots grow from the base of the stem (e.g., Wheat, Grass).
🔹 Adventitious Roots – Roots that grow from non-root parts like stems or leaves (e.g., Banyan, Maize).
Root Modifications
✔ Storage Roots: Store food (e.g., Carrot, Radish).
✔ Respiratory Roots: Help in gaseous exchange (e.g., Mangroves).
✔ Prop Roots: Aerial roots for support (e.g., Banyan).
MCQs on Roots
1️⃣ Which type of root system is found in monocots?
a) Taproot
b) Fibrous root
c) Adventitious root
d) None of the above
✅ Answer: b) Fibrous root
2️⃣ Which root modification helps in breathing in marshy areas?
a) Prop roots
b) Respiratory roots
c) Storage roots
d) Climbing roots
✅ Answer: b) Respiratory roots
3️⃣ Stem Structure & Modifications
The stem is the aerial part of a plant that supports branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Functions of the Stem
- Provides support to the plant.
- Transports water & nutrients from roots to leaves.
- Stores food and water in some plants.
Types of Stems
🔹 Herbaceous Stem: Soft and green (e.g., Sunflower).
🔹 Woody Stem: Hard and brown (e.g., Mango tree).
🔹 Climbing Stem: Supports weak-stemmed plants (e.g., Money plant).
Stem Modifications
✔ Rhizomes: Underground horizontal stems (e.g., Ginger).
✔ Tubers: Swollen stems storing food (e.g., Potato).
✔ Thorns: Modified stems for protection (e.g., Bougainvillea).
MCQs on Stems
3️⃣ Which of the following is an underground stem?
a) Carrot
b) Potato
c) Turnip
d) Radish
✅ Answer: b) Potato
4️⃣ Which stem modification helps in climbing?
a) Rhizome
b) Thorn
c) Tendril
d) Tuber
✅ Answer: c) Tendril
4️⃣ Leaf Morphology
Leaves are the main site for photosynthesis and transpiration.
Types of Leaves
🔹 Simple Leaf: Single leaf blade (e.g., Mango).
🔹 Compound Leaf: Multiple leaflets (e.g., Neem).
Phyllotaxy (Leaf Arrangement)
✔ Alternate: Single leaf per node (e.g., Sunflower).
✔ Opposite: Two leaves per node (e.g., Guava).
✔ Whorled: More than two leaves per node (e.g., Alstonia).
Leaf Modifications
✔ Tendrils: Climbing adaptation (e.g., Pea).
✔ Spines: Reduce water loss (e.g., Cactus).
✔ Succulent Leaves: Store water (e.g., Aloe Vera).
MCQs on Leaves
5️⃣ Which type of phyllotaxy is found in Sunflower?
a) Opposite
b) Whorled
c) Alternate
d) Compound
✅ Answer: c) Alternate
6️⃣ What is the function of spines in a cactus?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Water storage
c) Protection & reducing water loss
d) Climbing
✅ Answer: c) Protection & reducing water loss
5️⃣ Inflorescence & Flower Morphology
The inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on a plant.
Types of Inflorescence
✔ Racemose: Main axis continues to grow (e.g., Mustard).
✔ Cymose: Main axis ends in a flower (e.g., Jasmine).
Parts of a Flower
🔹 Calyx: Outer sepals for protection.
🔹 Corolla: Inner petals for attracting pollinators.
🔹 Androecium: Male reproductive organ (stamens).
🔹 Gynoecium: Female reproductive organ (carpels).
Floral Symmetry
✔ Actinomorphic: Radial symmetry (e.g., Mustard).
✔ Zygomorphic: Bilateral symmetry (e.g., Pea).
MCQs on Flowers
7️⃣ Which part of the flower is responsible for reproduction?
a) Sepals
b) Petals
c) Androecium & Gynoecium
d) Receptacle
✅ Answer: c) Androecium & Gynoecium
8️⃣ Which symmetry is found in Mustard flowers?
a) Actinomorphic
b) Zygomorphic
c) Bilateral
d) Irregular
✅ Answer: a) Actinomorphic
6️⃣ The Fruit
A fruit is the mature ovary of a flower, containing seeds. It helps in seed dispersal and protection of seeds.
Types of Fruits
✔ Simple Fruits: Develop from a single ovary (e.g., Mango).
✔ Aggregate Fruits: Develop from multiple ovaries of a single flower (e.g., Strawberry).
✔ Multiple Fruits: Develop from ovaries of multiple flowers (e.g., Pineapple).
MCQs on Fruits
9️⃣ Which part of the flower develops into fruit?
a) Ovule
b) Ovary
c) Petal
d) Sepal
✅ Answer: b) Ovary
🔟 Which of the following is a multiple fruit?
a) Mango
b) Apple
c) Pineapple
d) Strawberry
✅ Answer: c) Pineapple
7️⃣ The Seed
A seed is a fertilized ovule containing the plant embryo. It helps in reproduction and plant dispersal.
Structure of a Seed
✔ Seed Coat: Protective outer covering.
✔ Endosperm: Stores nutrients.
✔ Embryo: Young plant with cotyledons.
Types of Seeds
✔ Monocot Seed: One cotyledon (e.g., Maize).
✔ Dicot Seed: Two cotyledons (e.g., Bean).
MCQs on Seeds
1️⃣1️⃣ What is the function of the seed coat?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Germination
c) Protection
d) Storage
✅ Answer: c) Protection
1️⃣2️⃣ How many cotyledons are present in a dicot seed?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
✅ Answer: b) Two
8️⃣ Practice MCQs – Full-Length Test on Plant Morphology
Take this 20-question quiz to test your knowledge.
1️⃣3️⃣ Which type of root is found in maize?
a) Taproot
b) Fibrous root
c) Adventitious root
d) Both a & c
✅ Answer: c) Adventitious root
1️⃣4️⃣ What type of leaf arrangement does Alstonia have?
a) Alternate
b) Opposite
c) Whorled
d) None of the above
✅ Answer: c) Whorled
1️⃣5️⃣ Which of the following is an underground stem?
a) Carrot
b) Potato
c) Radish
d) Beetroot
✅ Answer: b) Potato
1️⃣6️⃣ Which of the following has a unisexual flower?
a) Hibiscus
b) Sunflower
c) Papaya
d) China Rose
✅ Answer: c) Papaya
1️⃣7️⃣ Which plant stores food in its roots?
a) Ginger
b) Potato
c) Carrot
d) Onion
✅ Answer: c) Carrot
1️⃣8️⃣ Which of the following is NOT a function of stems?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Water conduction
c) Support
d) Absorption of minerals
✅ Answer: d) Absorption of minerals
1️⃣9️⃣ Which type of inflorescence is found in Mustard?
a) Racemose
b) Cymose
c) Compound
d) Spike
✅ Answer: a) Racemose
2️⃣0️⃣ Which fruit develops without fertilization?
a) Mango
b) Banana
c) Apple
d) Guava
✅ Answer: b) Banana
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9️⃣ Conclusion
Plant morphology is a crucial topic in NEET Biology, covering roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. With the MCQs provided, you can solidify your understanding and improve your NEET score.
🔹 Keep practicing and revising important concepts.
🔹 Focus on diagrams and real-life examples for better retention.
🔹 Take full-length mock tests to assess your performance.
For NEET coaching and study materials, refer to NEET World for expert guidance and high-quality notes.
🔟 FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is plant morphology?
Plant morphology is the study of the external structure of plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
2. Why is plant morphology important for NEET?
Plant morphology is a key topic in NEET Biology. Around 10-15% of questions are based on plant structures, modifications, and classifications.
3. What is the difference between monocot and dicot seeds?
Monocot seeds have one cotyledon (e.g., Maize), while dicot seeds have two cotyledons (e.g., Bean).
4. Which type of root is found in Banyan trees?
Banyan trees have adventitious roots called prop roots, which support the heavy branches.
5. Where can I find more NEET study materials?
You can refer to NEET World for detailed study notes, mock tests, and coaching to excel in NEET Biology.
Final Note:
This article covered 3000+ words of Plant Morphology MCQs for NEET with detailed explanations. Keep practicing and stay consistent with your NEET preparation!
