Inorganic chemistry forms an essential part of chemistry and is crucial for students preparing for competitive exams like NEET. This article provides a detailed explanation of important topics in inorganic chemistry, periodic trends, and various chemical reactions, along with MCQs for practice.

Let’s dive deep into the concepts, periodic properties, coordination compounds, and practical applications of inorganic chemistry.


1. Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of elements and compounds that do not primarily contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. It covers the behavior, properties, and reactions of metals, non-metals, salts, and minerals.

It forms the basis of various industrial applications, such as metallurgy, catalysis, and medicinal chemistry. NEET aspirants must have a strong grasp of inorganic chemistry as it forms about 30-35% of the Chemistry syllabus.

Importance of Inorganic Chemistry in Daily Life

Role of Inorganic Chemistry in NEET


2. Periodic Table and Periodic Trends

Understanding the Periodic Table

The periodic table is the backbone of chemistry. It arranges elements in increasing atomic number (Z) and groups them based on similar properties.

Classification of Elements

Important Periodic Trends

  1. Atomic and Ionic Radii
    • Atomic size decreases across a period (due to increased nuclear charge).
    • Atomic size increases down a group (due to the addition of new shells).
    • Cations are smaller than parent atoms, while anions are larger.
  2. Ionization Energy (IE)
    • Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
    • Increases across a period (due to stronger nuclear attraction).
    • Decreases down a group (due to the shielding effect).
  3. Electronegativity
    • The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
    • Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element.
  4. Electron Affinity (EA)
    • The energy released when an atom gains an electron.
    • Halogens have the highest electron affinity.

MCQ on Periodic Table Trends

  1. Which element has the largest atomic radius in Group 1?
    a) Li
    b) Na
    c) K
    d) Cs
    Answer: d) Cs
  2. The element with the highest electronegativity is:
    a) Oxygen
    b) Fluorine
    c) Chlorine
    d) Nitrogen
    Answer: b) Fluorine

3. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Types of Chemical Bonds

  1. Ionic Bond – Formed by the transfer of electrons (e.g., NaCl).
  2. Covalent Bond – Formed by the sharing of electrons (e.g., H₂, O₂).
  3. Metallic Bond – Found in metals due to a sea of delocalized electrons (e.g., Cu, Fe).

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

Hybridization

MCQ on Chemical Bonding

  1. Which of the following molecules has sp² hybridization?
    a) CH₄
    b) C₂H₂
    c) BF₃
    d) BeCl₂
    Answer: c) BF₃

4. s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)

Group 1: Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)

Reaction with Water: 2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+H2↑2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ ↑2Na+2H2​O→2NaOH+H2​↑

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

MCQ on s-Block Elements

  1. Which alkali metal is most reactive?
    a) Li
    b) Na
    c) K
    d) Cs
    Answer: d) Cs

5. p-Block Elements (Group 13-18 Elements)

Group 13: Boron Family (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)

Group 14: Carbon Family (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)

Group 15: Nitrogen Family (N, P, As, Sb, Bi)

Group 16: Oxygen Family (O, S, Se, Te, Po)

Group 17: Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At)

Group 18: Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

6. d-Block and f-Block Elements

Introduction to Transition and Inner Transition Elements

The d-block elements (transition metals) and f-block elements (lanthanides & actinides) are known for their variable oxidation states, colored compounds, and catalytic properties.

d-Block Elements (Transition Metals – Groups 3 to 12)

f-Block Elements (Lanthanides & Actinides)

MCQ on d-Block & f-Block Elements

  1. Which of the following elements is used in making high-strength magnets?
    a) Iron
    b) Cerium
    c) Neodymium
    d) Uranium
    Answer: c) Neodymium

7. Coordination Compounds

Introduction to Coordination Chemistry

Coordination compounds consist of a central metal atom/ion bonded to ligands (molecules or ions). They are widely used in medicine, industry, and analytical chemistry.

Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds

Types of Ligands

Isomerism in Coordination Compounds

Applications of Coordination Compounds

MCQ on Coordination Compounds

  1. The oxidation state of Fe in [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ is:
    a) +2
    b) +3
    c) +4
    d) 0
    Answer: a) +2

8. Hydrogen and Its Compounds

General Properties of Hydrogen

Types of Hydrides

  1. Ionic Hydrides (Salt-like Hydrides)
    • Formed by s-block metals (e.g., NaH, CaH₂).
  2. Covalent Hydrides (Molecular Hydrides)
    • Formed by p-block elements (e.g., H₂O, NH₃, CH₄).
  3. Metallic Hydrides
    • Formed by d-block and f-block elements (e.g., TiH₂, PdH).

Water (H₂O) – The Universal Solvent

Heavy Water (D₂O)

Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)

MCQ on Hydrogen and Its Compounds

  1. Heavy water (D₂O) is used in:
    a) Medicine
    b) Nuclear Reactors
    c) Photography
    d) Agriculture
    Answer: b) Nuclear Reactors

9. Environmental Chemistry (Inorganic Aspects)

Water Pollution and Its Effects

Air Pollution and Inorganic Compounds

Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

MCQ on Environmental Chemistry

  1. Which gas is mainly responsible for acid rain?
    a) CO₂
    b) SO₂
    c) O₂
    d) H₂
    Answer: b) SO₂

10. MCQs on Inorganic Chemistry for NEET

Topic-wise Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. Which of the following transition metals is used in the manufacture of stainless steel?
    a) Iron
    b) Nickel
    c) Chromium
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
  2. The most electronegative element in the periodic table is:
    a) Oxygen
    b) Fluorine
    c) Nitrogen
    d) Chlorine
    Answer: b) Fluorine
  3. Which of the following compounds is used as a fertilizer?
    a) NaCl
    b) NH₄NO₃
    c) KCl
    d) Fe₂O₃
    Answer: b) NH₄NO₃
  4. What is the coordination number of Fe in [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]³⁻?
    a) 3
    b) 4
    c) 6
    d) 8
    Answer: c) 6
  5. Which compound is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
    a) CO₂
    b) NO₂
    c) CFCs
    d) SO₂
    Answer: c) CFCs

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Conclusion

Inorganic chemistry plays a vital role in NEET preparation, industry, medicine, and the environment. Mastering periodic trends, coordination compounds, and chemical reactions is essential for scoring well in NEET Chemistry.


FAQs

  1. How many questions from inorganic chemistry appear in NEET?
    • Around 10-15 questions appear in NEET Chemistry from inorganic chemistry.
  2. Which topic in inorganic chemistry is most important for NEET?
    • Periodic trends, coordination compounds, and chemical bonding are crucial.
  3. What is the best book for inorganic chemistry for NEET?
    • NCERT Chemistry and Neet World coaching materials.
  4. How can I memorize the periodic table trends easily?
    • Using mnemonics, regular revision, and flashcards.
  5. Is inorganic chemistry hard for NEET?
    • It requires conceptual understanding and memorization.

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