Introduction
Preparing for NEET 2025? Ecology and biodiversity are essential topics under NEET Biology. To strengthen your understanding and test your preparation, we have compiled a comprehensive list of Ecosystem and Biodiversity MCQs for NEET, along with answers and explanations. These questions are based on the latest NEET syllabus and are ideal for quick revision.
All MCQs in this article are carefully curated by NEET World, a trusted coaching institute for NEET aspirants. Let’s dive in and test your knowledge!
MCQs on Ecosystem and Biodiversity for NEET
1. Basics of Ecosystem
Q1. What is an ecosystem?
a) A community of organisms interacting with the abiotic environment
b) Only living organisms in a particular area
c) A part of the biosphere with only plants
d) Only non-living components of the environment
✅ Answer: a) A community of organisms interacting with the abiotic environment
📌 Explanation: An ecosystem is a functional unit where biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components interact with each other in a given area.
Q2. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
a) Water
b) Sunlight
c) Plants
d) Temperature
✅ Answer: c) Plants
📌 Explanation: Biotic components refer to living organisms like plants, animals, and microorganisms. Abiotic factors include sunlight, water, and temperature.
2. Structure and Function of Ecosystem
Q3. The term ‘ecosystem’ was first coined by:
a) Charles Darwin
b) A.G. Tansley
c) Ernst Haeckel
d) Eugene Odum
✅ Answer: b) A.G. Tansley
📌 Explanation: The term “ecosystem” was coined by British ecologist Arthur G. Tansley in 1935.
Q4. Which of the following ecosystems is the most productive?
a) Desert
b) Open ocean
c) Coral reef
d) Tundra
✅ Answer: c) Coral reef
📌 Explanation: Coral reefs have high biodiversity and primary productivity due to optimal light availability and nutrient cycling.
3. Food Chain and Energy Flow
Q5. In an ecosystem, energy flow is:
a) Cyclic
b) Unidirectional
c) Multidirectional
d) Reversible
✅ Answer: b) Unidirectional
📌 Explanation: Energy flows only in one direction from producers → consumers → decomposers, and cannot be reused.
Q6. In a food chain, the energy transfer follows:
a) 50% Law
b) 10% Law
c) 100% Law
d) 25% Law
✅ Answer: b) 10% Law
📌 Explanation: According to Lindeman’s 10% Law, only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level, while the rest is lost as heat.
4. Biodiversity and Its Conservation
Q7. The term “biodiversity” was first used by:
a) Edward Wilson
b) Charles Darwin
c) Robert Hooke
d) Gregor Mendel
✅ Answer: a) Edward Wilson
📌 Explanation: The term “biodiversity” was coined by Edward O. Wilson, an American biologist.
Q8. Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss?
a) Habitat destruction
b) Climate change
c) Afforestation
d) Pollution
✅ Answer: c) Afforestation
📌 Explanation: Afforestation (planting trees) helps in increasing biodiversity, unlike habitat destruction or pollution, which reduce species diversity.
5. Ecological Pyramids
Q9. The pyramid of energy is always:
a) Upright
b) Inverted
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
✅ Answer: a) Upright
📌 Explanation: Energy pyramids are always upright because energy decreases at each trophic level.
Q10. In an inverted biomass pyramid, the base consists of:
a) Large producers
b) Small producers
c) Carnivores
d) Decomposers
✅ Answer: b) Small producers
📌 Explanation: In an inverted biomass pyramid, small producers (phytoplankton) support a large biomass of consumers (zooplankton, fish, etc.), like in aquatic ecosystems.
6. Ecological Succession and Biomes
Q11. The first species to colonize a barren land during primary succession is called:
a) Climax species
b) Pioneer species
c) Keystone species
d) Indicator species
✅ Answer: b) Pioneer species
📌 Explanation: Pioneer species like lichens and mosses are the first organisms to colonize barren land.
Q12. The largest terrestrial biome on Earth is:
a) Tundra
b) Taiga
c) Tropical rainforest
d) Desert
✅ Answer: b) Taiga
📌 Explanation: The taiga (boreal forest) is the largest terrestrial biome, found in Canada, Russia, and Alaska.
Conclusion
Mastering Ecosystem and Biodiversity MCQs is crucial for NEET aspirants. These multiple-choice questions cover all key aspects like ecosystem structure, food chains, energy flow, biodiversity conservation, and ecological pyramids. Practicing regularly with NEET World’s study materials will boost your score in the NEET Biology section.
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FAQs
1. What is the best way to study ecosystem and biodiversity for NEET?
The best way is to focus on NCERT textbooks, solve MCQs, and refer to coaching materials from NEET World.
2. How many questions are asked from ecosystem and biodiversity in NEET?
Approximately 8-10 questions are asked from this topic every year in NEET Biology.
3. What is the importance of biodiversity?
Biodiversity maintains ecosystem balance, provides resources, and helps in climate regulation.
4. What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
5. How does human activity affect biodiversity?
Deforestation, pollution, and climate change significantly reduce biodiversity, leading to species extinction.
