Preparing for NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) requires a solid understanding of Oscillations and Waves, a fundamental topic in Physics. This subject deals with periodic motion, wave propagation, and various principles related to sound, light, and energy transfer.
To help NEET aspirants excel in the Physics section, we have compiled a set of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on the latest NEET syllabus. These questions will test your understanding, enhance problem-solving skills, and prepare you for the real exam scenario.
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Let’s dive into the world of oscillations and waves with high-quality MCQs and detailed explanations.
1. Introduction to Oscillations and Waves
What are Oscillations?
Oscillations refer to periodic motion around an equilibrium position. Examples include:
- A pendulum swinging back and forth
- A mass-spring system moving up and down
- Vibrations in musical instruments
What are Waves?
Waves are disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another without the transport of matter. Waves can be classified into:
- Mechanical Waves: Require a medium (e.g., sound waves, water waves)
- Electromagnetic Waves: Do not require a medium (e.g., light waves, X-rays)
2. Important Concepts for NEET
Before attempting MCQs, revise these key concepts:
- Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
- Energy in SHM
- Damping and Resonance
- Types of Waves (Longitudinal & Transverse)
- Wave Speed, Frequency, and Wavelength Relations
- Doppler Effect
- Sound Wave Properties
- Superposition Principle and Interference
3. MCQs on Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
Question 1:
A particle executes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 5 cm and a period of 2 seconds. What is the maximum velocity of the particle?
(A) 10 cm/s
(B) 15.7 cm/s
(C) 5π cm/s
(D) 25 cm/s
✅ Answer: (C) 5π cm/s
📖 Explanation: The maximum velocity in SHM is given by v_max = Aω, where ω = 2π/T.
Question 2:
In SHM, the acceleration of the particle is maximum at:
(A) Mean position
(B) Extreme position
(C) At half the amplitude
(D) None of the above
✅ Answer: (B) Extreme position
📖 Explanation: The acceleration in SHM is given by a = -ω²x. It is maximum when x = ±A.
Question 3:
The time of a simple pendulum is T. If its length is doubled, the new period becomes:
(A) T/√2
(B) 2T
(C) T√2
(D) T/2
✅ Answer: (C) T√2
📖 Explanation: The formula for a simple pendulum’s period is T = 2π√(L/g). When length doubles, T’ = T√2.
4. MCQs on Damped and Forced Oscillations
Question 4:
Which of the following statements is true for damped oscillations?
(A) Amplitude remains constant
(B) Amplitude decreases exponentially
(C) Frequency increases with time
(D) None of the above
✅ Answer: (B) Amplitude decreases exponentially
📖 Explanation: Damped oscillations gradually lose energy due to resistive forces like friction.
5. MCQs on Resonance
Question 5:
Resonance occurs when:
(A) Driving frequency is greater than natural frequency
(B) Driving frequency is equal to natural frequency
(C) Driving force is increased
(D) Damping is maximum
✅ Answer: (B) Driving frequency is equal to natural frequency
📖 Explanation: Resonance maximizes amplitude when f_external = f_natural.
6. MCQs on Progressive and Stationary Waves
Question 6:
Which of the following is an example of a stationary wave?
(A) Sound waves in air
(B) Vibrations in a stretched string
(C) Ocean waves
(D) Light waves
✅ Answer: (B) Vibrations in a stretched string
📖 Explanation: Stationary waves form when two waves of equal frequency travel in opposite directions and interfere.
7. MCQs on Sound Waves
Question 7:
Which of the following affects the speed of sound in air?
(A) Pressure
(B) Temperature
(C) Amplitude
(D) Frequency
✅ Answer: (B) Temperature
📖 Explanation: The speed of sound increases with temperature but remains unaffected by pressure in an ideal gas.
8. MCQs on the Doppler Effect
Question 8:
A source moving towards a stationary observer emits a sound of frequency f. The observer hears a frequency f’, which is:
(A) f’ > f
(B) f’ < f
(C) f’ = f
(D) Cannot be determined
✅ Answer: (A) f’ > f
📖 Explanation: In the Doppler effect, when the source moves toward the observer, the frequency appears higher.
9. MCQs on Wave Optics
Question 9:
In Young’s double-slit experiment, the fringe width β is given by:
(A) λD/d
(B) dD/λ
(C) Dλ²/d
(D) d/λD
✅ Answer: (A) λD/d
📖 Explanation: The fringe width β = λD/d, where λ is the wavelength, D is screen distance, and d is slit separation.
10. Answer Key and Explanations
| Question No. | Correct Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | (C) 5π cm/s |
| 2 | (B) Extreme position |
| 3 | (C) T√2 |
| 4 | (B) Amplitude decreases exponentially |
| 5 | (B) Driving frequency = natural frequency |
| 6 | (B) Vibrations in a stretched string |
| 7 | (B) Temperature |
| 8 | (A) f’ > f |
| 9 | (A) λD/d |
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FAQs
What is fringe width in wave optics?
The distance between two adjacent bright or dark fringes in an interference pattern.
Is SHM a type of oscillation?
Yes, SHM is a special type of oscillation where acceleration is directly proportional to displacement.
Why does resonance occur?
Resonance occurs when an object vibrates at its natural frequency due to an external periodic force.
What is the Doppler effect?
The change in frequency of a wave is due to the relative motion of the source and observer.
Can sound travel in space?
No, because sound requires a medium to propagate.
