Plant Growth and Development MCQ for NEET

Introduction to Plant Growth and Development

Plant growth and development mcq is an essential topic in NEET Biology. It involves various processes, including cell division, elongation, and differentiation, all regulated by internal and external factors. Understanding this chapter is crucial for scoring well on the exam. This article provides a comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with answers to help you prepare effectively.

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Key Concepts in Plant Growth and Development Mcq

Phases of Plant Growth

1. Meristematic Phase: Cells in this phase actively divide and are found in root and shoot apical meristems.
2. Elongation Phase: Cells increase in size due to water absorption and extension of cell walls.
3. Maturation Phase: Cells attain their final structure and function.

Factors Affecting Plant Growth

• Intrinsic Factors: Genetic makeup and phytohormones
• Extrinsic Factors: Light, temperature, water, nutrients, and gravity

Growth Regulators (Phytohormones)

1. Auxins – Promote cell elongation and root initiation
2. Gibberellins – Stimulate stem elongation and seed germination
3. Cytokinins – Promote cell division and delay leaf senescence
4. Abscisic Acid (ABA) – Induces dormancy and stress responses
5. Ethylene – Facilitates fruit ripening and leaf abscission

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MCQs on Plant Growth and Development

Easy Level Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a phase of plant growth?
a) Meristematic phase
b) Elongation phase
c) Maturation phase
d) Senescence phase

2. The hormone responsible for fruit ripening is:
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Ethylene
d) Gibberellin

3. What is the function of gibberellins in plants?
a) Inhibiting seed germination
b) Promoting stem elongation
c) Delaying fruit ripening
d) Inducing root formation

4. The site of auxin synthesis in plants is:
a) Root tips
b) Shoot tips
c) Xylem
d) Phloem

5. Which plant hormone is responsible for stress responses?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Abscisic Acid
d) Ethylene

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Medium Level Questions

6. Which hormone promotes cell division in plants?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Abscisic Acid
d) Ethylene

7. The process by which a seedling bends towards light is called:
a) Geotropism
b) Phototropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Thigmotropism

8. Which factor does NOT affect plant growth externally?
a) Temperature
b) Light
c) DNA structure
d) Water availability

9. What is the primary function of Abscisic Acid?
a) Promote seed germination
b) Induce dormancy
c) Stimulate flowering
d) Enhance nutrient uptake

10. Which plant hormone is also known as the “stress hormone”?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Abscisic Acid
d) Gibberellin

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Advanced Level Questions

11. Which plant hormone is responsible for breaking seed dormancy?
a) Abscisic Acid
b) Ethylene
c) Gibberellin
d) Cytokinin

12. The growth of roots towards water is called:
a) Phototropism
b) Gravitropism
c) Hydrotropism
d) Thigmotropism

13. Which of the following is a growth-inhibiting hormone?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Abscisic Acid
d) Cytokinin

14. The natural auxin found in plants is:
a) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
b) Abscisic Acid (ABA)
c) Zeatin
d) Ethylene

15. What is the function of phytochrome in plants?
a) Promote cell elongation
b) Regulate photoperiodism
c) Enhance nutrient absorption
d) Induce dormancy

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Answer Key and Explanation

1. d) Senescence phase – Growth ends before senescence.
2. c) Ethylene – It regulates fruit ripening.
3. b) Promoting stem elongation – Gibberellins enhance growth.
4. b) Shoot tips – Auxin is mainly synthesized here.
5. c) Abscisic Acid – It helps in stress responses.
6. b) Cytokinin – It promotes cell division.
7. b) Phototropism – Plants grow towards light.
8. c) DNA structure – It’s an internal factor.
9. b) Induce dormancy – ABA prevents seed germination.
10. c) Abscisic Acid – It helps plants cope with stress.
11. c) Gibberellin – It breaks dormancy and promotes germination.
12. c) Hydrotropism – Roots grow towards moisture.
13. c) Abscisic Acid – It inhibits growth.
14. a) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) – It is a natural auxin.
15. b) Regulate photoperiodism – Phytochrome is light-sensitive.

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Mastering plant growth and development is crucial for NEET aspirants. This topic covers various physiological processes and growth regulators essential for plant survival. Practicing these MCQs will enhance your conceptual understanding and boost your exam performance.

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FAQs

1. Why is auxin important for plant growth?
Auxin plays a crucial role in cell elongation, root formation, and phototropism, helping plants grow in response to environmental stimuli.

2. What is the role of gibberellins in seed germination?
Gibberellins break seed dormancy and stimulate the production of enzymes that aid in seed germination.

3. Which hormone prevents premature seed germination?
Abscisic Acid (ABA) prevents premature germination by inducing seed dormancy.

4. What is the significance of ethylene in plants?
Ethylene regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and stress responses in plants.

5. How do environmental factors influence plant growth?
Light, temperature, water, and nutrients significantly affect plant growth and development by impacting physiological and biochemical processes.